A Comprehensive Guide to Buying Used Guns Safely and Smartly
Buying a used gun can be a smart financial decision. Pre-owned firearms often cost significantly less than new models and can offer excellent quality, especially if they have been well maintained. However, purchasing a used firearm requires more due diligence than buying new. This comprehensive guide will help you buy used guns safely and smartly.
Why Buy a Used Gun?
There are several compelling reasons to consider a used firearm:
- Cost savings: Used guns often sell for 20-50% less than their new counterparts.
- Proven reliability: Older models with a track record of performance can be more reliable than brand-new designs.
- Classic and discontinued models: Some of the best guns ever made are no longer in production and are only available used.
- Better value retention: Many firearms hold their value well in the used market.
Where to Buy Used Guns
There are several places to find quality used firearms:
1. Local gun stores: Many FFL dealers have used firearms in stock or on consignment. This is often the safest option because you can inspect the gun in person.
2. Gun shows: Dealers and private sellers both attend gun shows. You can compare many options in one place.
3. Online marketplaces: Sites like GunBroker, Armslist, and Guns.com list thousands of used firearms. Online purchases still require transfer through a local FFL dealer.
4. Pawn shops: Pawn shops sometimes carry used firearms at low prices, but quality varies significantly.
5. Private sales: In many states, private sales between residents of the same state are legal. Check your state's laws before proceeding.
How to Inspect a Used Firearm
Before purchasing a used gun, always inspect it thoroughly:
Check the bore: Look down the barrel (with the action open and verified empty) to check for pitting, rust, or excessive wear.
Inspect the action: Cycle the action repeatedly to ensure it operates smoothly. Look for wear marks, cracks, or broken parts.
Check the frame and slide: Look for cracks, bulges, or excessive wear. Minor surface wear is normal, but structural damage is a red flag.
Test the trigger: Dry fire the gun (only if safe to do so) to test the trigger feel. A trigger that is inconsistent or feels broken may indicate problems.
Check for matching numbers: On older or collectible firearms, matching serial numbers on all major parts indicate an original, non-modified gun.
Look for modifications: Aftermarket modifications are not always bad, but unauthorized or unsafe modifications could be a liability.
Verify it has not been reported stolen: You can ask the seller to run the serial number, or do so yourself through local law enforcement channels.
Legal Considerations When Buying a Used Gun
The legal requirements for buying a used gun are the same as for buying a new gun:
- All purchases through a dealer require a background check via NICS and completion of ATF Form 4473.
- In states that require a purchase permit or waiting period, those apply to used guns as well.
- Online used gun purchases must be transferred through a licensed FFL dealer, just like new guns.
- Private sales laws vary by state. Some states require all sales to go through an FFL dealer; others allow private transfers between state residents without a background check. Always verify your state's laws.
Negotiating the Price
Used gun prices are often negotiable. Research the current market value of the specific make, model, and condition of the firearm using sites like GunBroker completed sales and the Blue Book of Gun Values. Condition is the biggest factor in pricing:
- Excellent: Minimal wear, nearly new condition
- Very Good: Some wear but fully functional
- Good: Normal wear, fully functional
- Fair: Heavy wear, possibly refinished
- Poor: Heavily worn or non-functional
Tips for a Smart Used Gun Purchase
1. Do your research: Know the market value before you negotiate.
2. Inspect thoroughly before buying: Never skip the physical inspection.
3. Buy from reputable sources: Licensed dealers and reputable sellers reduce risk.
4. Transfer through an FFL: Even for private sales in states that allow them, using an FFL adds a layer of safety and documentation.
5. Ask about the history: Why is the gun being sold? Has it been fired a lot? Has it ever malfunctioned?
Find a Local FFL Dealer for Your Used Gun Transfer
Whether you buy online or through a private seller, FFLSearch.net can help you find a licensed FFL dealer near you to handle the transfer legally and safely. Search by zip code to find dealers in your area.