What Is an FFL? Complete Guide to Federal Firearms Licenses in 2026
If you're buying a firearm online, receiving a gun from another state, or simply exploring the world of firearms ownership, you'll quickly encounter the term "FFL." But what exactly is an FFL, why do you need one, and how do you find a licensed dealer to complete your transfer? This complete guide answers all your questions about Federal Firearms Licenses in 2026.
## What Does FFL Stand For?
FFL stands for **Federal Firearms License**. It's a license issued by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) that allows individuals and businesses to engage in the business of manufacturing, importing, or dealing in firearms and ammunition.
## Why Do You Need an FFL?
Under federal law, interstate firearm transfers must go through an FFL holder. That means:
- If you buy a gun online from a retailer in another state, it must ship to an FFL in your state
- The FFL receives the firearm, conducts a background check, and completes ATF Form 4473
- Only after passing the background check can you take possession of the firearm
Without an FFL, you cannot legally complete most interstate firearm transactions.
## Types of FFL Licenses
The ATF issues several types of FFLs:
### Type 01 – Dealer in Firearms
The most common FFL type. Allows dealing in firearms other than destructive devices (rifles, shotguns, handguns).
### Type 02 – Pawnbroker
Permits pawnbrokers to deal in firearms as part of their pawnbroking business.
### Type 03 – Collector of Curios & Relics
For collectors of firearms classified as "curios or relics" (generally 50+ years old or historically significant).
### Type 06 – Manufacturer of Ammunition
Allows manufacturing of ammunition for sale or distribution.
### Type 07 – Manufacturer of Firearms
Permits manufacturing of firearms and ammunition.
### Type 08 – Importer of Firearms
For businesses importing firearms or ammunition.
### Type 09 – Dealer in Destructive Devices
Allows dealing in destructive devices (grenades, bombs, certain large firearms).
### Type 10 – Manufacturer of Destructive Devices
Permits manufacturing of destructive devices.
### Type 11 – Importer of Destructive Devices
For importing destructive devices.
**Most gun buyers interact with Type 01 FFLs** (dealers) and Type 07 FFLs with SOT (for NFA items like suppressors).
## How FFL Transfers Work
When you buy a firearm that requires an FFL transfer, here's the process:
### Step 1: Find an FFL
Use FFLSearch.net to locate a licensed dealer near you. Compare transfer fees, read reviews, and choose a dealer.
### Step 2: Contact the FFL
Call ahead to confirm they accept transfers and ask about their fee (typically $20-$50).
### Step 3: Purchase Your Firearm
Buy from your chosen online retailer and provide your FFL's information during checkout.
### Step 4: Wait for Delivery
The seller ships the firearm to your FFL (usually 3-7 business days).
### Step 5: Complete the Transfer
Visit your FFL to:
- Fill out ATF Form 4473 (background check form)
- Provide valid government-issued ID
- Pass NICS background check
- Pay the transfer fee
- Take possession of your firearm
## How Much Do FFL Transfers Cost?
FFL transfer fees vary by dealer and location:
- **Typical range**: $20-$50 per firearm
- **NFA items**: $50-$100+ (due to additional paperwork)
- **Multiple firearms**: Some dealers charge per firearm, others offer bulk discounts
Always call ahead to confirm pricing.
## Do I Need an FFL to Buy a Gun?
You don't need to *have* an FFL yourself, but you need to *use* an FFL for:
- Interstate purchases (buying from out of state)
- Online firearm purchases
- Private-party transfers in states that require FFL involvement
**You do NOT need an FFL for**:
- Buying from a local dealer in person (they are the FFL)
- Private-party sales within the same state (where legal)
- Inheriting firearms (in most cases)
## How to Get Your Own FFL
If you want to become an FFL yourself (to run a gun business or collect C&R firearms), the process involves:
1. Determining which FFL type you need
2. Completing ATF Form 7 (FFL application)
3. Paying the license fee ($30-$3,000 depending on license type)
4. Passing ATF background checks
5. Having a compliant business location
6. Maintaining detailed records
Most gun buyers don't need their own FFL—using a local dealer is simpler and more practical.
## Common FFL Questions
### Can I ship a gun directly to myself?
No. Interstate firearm transfers must go through an FFL (with some limited exceptions for repairs).
### Do all FFLs accept transfers?
Most do, but some dealers only handle sales from their own inventory. Always call ahead.
### How long does an FFL transfer take?
Once the firearm arrives, the transfer typically takes 15-30 minutes, assuming your background check clears instantly.
### Can I use any FFL in my state?
Yes, federal law allows you to use any FFL in your state of residence.
### What if my background check is delayed?
Delays are common during high-volume periods. The dealer will contact you once the check clears.
## How FFLSearch.net Makes Finding FFLs Easy
FFLSearch.net is the fastest, easiest way to find licensed firearms dealers:
- **Search by location**: Enter your ZIP code or city to see nearby FFLs
- **Compare dealers**: Review transfer fees, services, and customer ratings
- **Verify licenses**: Confirm FFL status and contact details
- **Read reviews**: Learn from other buyers' experiences
- **No registration required**: Just search and find
Whether you're buying your first handgun or your fiftieth rifle, FFLSearch.net connects you with the right FFL for your needs.
## Final Thoughts
Understanding what an FFL is and how FFL transfers work is essential for any gun owner in 2026. Whether you're buying online, transferring a firearm across state lines, or exploring NFA items, finding the right FFL dealer makes the process smooth, legal, and hassle-free.
Ready to find your FFL? Start your search on FFLSearch.net today.