The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit overturned a machine gun possession conviction against an Iowa police chief in United States v. Brad Wendt, while leaving fraud convictions intact.
In the post-Bruen era, where historical tradition has been reaffirmed as the controlling interpretive framework, norm-based reasoning warrants heightened scrutiny.
"You bring a gun into the District, you mark my words, you're going to jail. I don't care if you have a license in another district and I don't care if you're a law abiding gun owner somewhere else." — Jeanine Ferris Pirro, the U.S. Attorney for the District of Columbia.